Machining Operations and Machine Tools
Machining Operations
Machining Operations | |||
Word | Meaning | Context | More Information |
Boring |
Boring is an operation to enlarge and finish holes accurately. This may be done on a lathe or a milling machine. | Boring is a machine operation in which the work is in contact with a single point tool. | A work piece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw chuck and collets. |
Broaching |
Broaching is an operation that completes the cutting in one stroke or cut. |
Broaching can be done on both internal and external surfaces. |
The teeth of a broaching tool are equally spaced so that as the tool advances into the workpiece, each tooth removes a specified amount of metal. |
Drilling |
Drilling is an economical way of removing large amounts of metal to create semi-precision round hole or cavity. | Drilling allows a person to make holes through boards, metals, and other materials. | Used for last removal of stock on preparation for other operations like boring, reaming, or tapping. |
Drill Press |
A machine designed to hold drill bits which will produce cylindrical holes. | Used for producing cylindrical holes, as well as reaming, boring, counter-boring, counter-sinking, honing, lapping and tapping. | There are three major types:- Sensitive drill (light drilling) – Upright drill (heavy duty drilling) – Radial arm drill press (large, heavy workpieces) |
Facing |
Facing is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool removes metal from the end of the workpiece or a shoulder. | Facing is a machine operation where the work is rotated against a single point tool. | A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw chuck, collets or a faceplate. |
Gang Drilling Machine | Gang drilling machine performs a number of drilling operations in a sequence. | The gang drilling machine is a series of single spindle drill heads mounted on a long table. | Each head is equipped with a different tool to drill the part being machined as it moves from one station to the next. |
Grinding | Grinding is an operation in which the cutting is done by the use of abrasive particles. | Grinding processes remove very small chips in very large numbers by cutting the action of many small individual abrasive grains. | The abrasive grains are formed into a grinding wheel.Very smooth surfaces can be accomplished by the use of the proper grinding wheel. |
Grinding Machine |
Grinding machine machines metal parts with an abrasive wheel which can grind to close tolerances. | Grinding machines can produce parts of the identical size, shape, and finish quality. | Various types of grinding machines:- Plain Surface grinders – Rotary Surface grinders – Tool & Cutter grinders – Universal grinders – Internal grinders |
Gun Drilling Machine | Gun drilling machine is a machine used to produce long, deep holes.The operation is called “Gun drilling”. | In some drilling machines, the gun drill is held firm in a machine and the workpiece revolves; in other cases the work is stationary and the tool revolves. | Uses three types of spindles for producing deep holes:- way – quill – fixed-spindle |
Honing |
Honing is an internal cutting technique that uses abrasives on a rotating tool to produce extremely accurate holes that require a very smooth finish. | Honing operation | Similar to lapping where abrasive sticks are mounted in a rotating tool.Capable of accuracies of less than 1/10,000th of one inch. |
Horizontal Milling |
A horizontal milling machine uses a rotating tool to produce flat surfaces.Used for heavy stock removal. | The milling machine provides cutting action with a rotating tool. | The spindle is mounted on a horizontal position. Available in different size tables. |
Lathe |
The lathe is used for producing cylindrical work. The workpiece is rotated while the cutting tool movement is controlled by the machine. | The lathe is primarily used for cylindrical work. | The lathe may be used for:boring, drilling, tapping, turning, facing, threading, polishing, grooving, knurling, trepanning |
Non-Precision Grinding |
Non-precision grinding is a cutting technique used when the grinding does not need to be accurate. | Non-precision grinding is done when accuracy is not important. | Non-precision grinding is a free-hand operation done on a pedestal or bench grinder. |
Precision Grinding |
Precision grinding is a cutting technique used when close tolerances and very smooth finishes are required. | Precision grinding as often used as a finish machining process. | Precision grinding allows very small amounts of material to be removed from a workpiece. This is extremely useful in acquiring smooth fnishes. |
Reaming |
Reaming is a sizing operation that removes a small amount of metal from a hole already drilled. | The reamer is the tool used for this operation. | Machinists may use hand or machine reamers depending on the job they are performing. |
Shaper |
Shaper is a machine used for the production of flat surfaces in vertical, horizontal, or angular planes. | The shaper cuts by passing a single point tool by the workpiece. | There are three types of shapers:- Horizontal / plain or universal – Vertical (slotter and key seater) – Special |
Shaping |
Shaping is an operation used to produce flat surfaces. | Shaping | When the cutting tool reciprocates while the work is fed towards the tool removing material on each stroke, it is called shaping. |
Single Point Threading |
Single point threading is a lathe operation used for creating internal / external precision machined threads with a single point tool. | Single point threading | Uses a special cutting tool that reflects the thread form.There are over 100 thread forms. |
Sensitive drill press |
Sensitive drill press is a high speed machine that drills very small holes. | The sensitive drill press | – it is used for light duty work- extremely precise quill and spindle
– capable of speeds of over 40,000rpm – maximum drill size of 1/32 of an inch |
Tapping |
Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt can be threaded into the hole. Also, it is used to make threads on nuts. | Tapping is done with a tool called a “Tap”. | Tapping may be done by:- hand – lathe machine – milling machine – tapping machine |
Turning |
Turning is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool removes metal from the outside diameter of a workpiece. | A single point tool is used for turning. | A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw chuck, collets or may also be held between centers. |
Vertical Milling Machine |
A vertical milling machine uses a rotating tool to produce flat surfaces. A very flexible, light-duty machine. | The milling machine provides cutting action with a rotating tool. | The spindle is mounted on a vertical position. Available in different size tables. |
Machining Operations and Machine Tools PDF. |
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Machining Operations and Machine Tools.pdf |
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